JURNAL BASICEDU Military Parents’ Efforts to Assist Children’s Online Learning During Covid-19

Tua. Abstract Military parents with good discipline and firmness in educating their children, including parents who live in the Bukit Barisan Gaperta Military Command I complex in Medan, certainly have a good influence on the implementation of children's online learning. This study aims to describe the efforts of military parents in assisting children to learn online, as well as their roles as teachers, facilitators, motivators, and coaches. This study uses a type of field research with qualitative methods and a descriptive analysis approach. Data was collected using interview, observation, and documentation techniques as well as data analysis with data reduction techniques, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the military's efforts towards online learning are: 1) as teachers, parents act as educators, mentors, and companions in learning; 2) as facilitators, parents play a role in providing online learning facilities, channeling information between teachers and students, and providing other supporting educational facilities; 3) as a motivator, parents act as a support system, provide rewards, and motivators to encourage good faith, character, and worship; 4) as coaches, parents act as supervisors in learning, provide punishment that educates, applies discipline, and is firm in making


INTRODUCTION
Coronavirus Disease  is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus known as acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). Coronavirus disease is a disease that has not been previously identified by humans. This virus can be transmitted from one human to another through frequent close contact. Moreover, that person has close contact with COVID-19 patients such as doctors and nurses (Sayekti, 2020:7). At the beginning of 2020, precisely in March, the learning system, whether at school or madrasah, was no longer continued, as usual, learning interactions took place but instead learned from home. This is due to the spread of the COVID-19 virus that hit the world, especially in Indonesia (Lutfiah, 2020:69).
Learning from home is a learning process carried out by students and teachers in their respective homes. By learning from home, it is hoped that it will break the chain of the spread of the COVID-19 disease. While studying from home, students are encouraged to continue to carry out all activities at home and apply clean and healthy living behaviors. By continuing to move from home, students will automatically keep their distance from other people (physical distancing) and avoid crowds of people (social distancing) (Sit., & Assingkily, 2020).
The COVID-19 virus is very dangerous. Therefore, the transmission of this disease should be watched out for because the transmission is relatively fast and has a mortality that cannot be ignored (Mansyur, 2020:113-123). In dealing with these emergency conditions, the education system in Indonesia underwent a transformation of the learning system into learning with an online-based learning system. The transformation of the learning system in Indonesia is carried out by all education implementers, both teachers and students in an effort to break the chain of the spread of the coronavirus so that the policy of maintaining distance or known as social distancing is already in the Indonesian government regulations.
Online learning is learning that is done not face to face, but using a platform that helps the teaching and learning process even from a distance (Sofyana & Rozaq, 2019:82). Distance learning uses tools or media as a transmitter of information. In the story at the time of the Prophet, he has informed us that the process of learning and distance education has existed since ancient times, which has been carried out by Prophet Sulaiman and Queen Balqis by using Hudhud birds as media and learning in conveying information. Over time distance learning has developed into online learning because the implementation process uses the internet network with the current availability of online learning ICT infrastructure (Belawati, 2019:6).
Learning with the online system has been applied in the learning process during the COVID-19 pandemic. Especially for children who live in the Pamen Kodam I Bukit Barisan complex, which is located at Jalan Gaperta, Helvetia Tengah Village, Medan Helvetia District. The complex is official housing for families with parental status, both father and mother, or both work as members involved in the military of the Republic of Indonesia or what we are familiar with TNI, which stands for the Indonesian National Army. Parental involvement is very much needed in the process of implementing online learning at home. The involvement and contribution of parents have a positive impact on children, including strengthening the relationship between parents and their children.
Parents are madrasas or primary educators for their children. Because it is from them that children first receive an education. In general, everything that parents show, both in the form of actions and verbally, is what enters the child's mind. So the main role of a parent is to set a good example for their children because by nature the atmosphere and structure provide natural possibilities for building an educational situation (Dradjat, 2012:5).
In the family, the first and foremost educational interaction occurs for those who will become the foundation for further education. Thus, the problem is the family, especially the parents who play the main role and are responsible for the education of their children (Mansur, 2005:318). So that the most education received by children is in the family. Thus it can be understood that parents are fathers and mothers who are responsible for the education of children and all aspects of their lives from the time the children are small until they are 2128Military Parents' Efforts to Assist Children's Online Learning During Covid-19 -Dita Ayu R Pratiwi, Ali Imran Sinaga, Salminawati DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i2.2284 Jurnal Basicedu Vol 6 No 2 Tahun 2022  p-ISSN 2580-3735 e-ISSN 2580-1147 adults. The responsibility of parents to their children in terms of nurturing, maintaining, and educating children. Islamic teachings outline is as follows: (1) The responsibility for education and fostering faith; (2) responsibility for education and moral development; (3) Responsibility for the maintenance of children's health; and (4) responsibility for education and intellectual development (Hasbullah, 2011:137-138).
Since the coronavirus has spread in Indonesia and has transformed the implementation of education into learning from home or distance learning, parents have an additional responsibility for their children's education. Parents are required to be parents as well as teachers in accompanying children's learning period while at home. There are responsibilities as well as the role of parents during learning from home or remotely, namely: First, parents have a role as teachers at home, where parents can guide their children in learning remotely from home; Second, parents as facilitators, namely parents as facilities and infrastructure for their children in implementing distance learning; Third, parents as motivators, namely parents can provide encouragement and support to their children in carrying out learning, so that children have the enthusiasm to learn, and get good achievements; and fourth, parents as influence or director (Cahyani & Kusumah, 2020). Parents in military families really need to apply discipline to their children because in a family, the role of the father, namely educating and fostering children, is the main responsibility. As a father, educating and fostering are applied with great warmth in interacting such as having fun, communicating in a relaxed but focused manner.
The discipline applied by military parents is very useful and useful in life today and in the future which can shape the character of a good child in them. Based on research conducted by Herawati (2015:12), it is explained that the way to educate children in the military environment can be done by giving freedom to children to do something that is not harmful to the child.
For military parents, the application of discipline for children is very important because the social behavior of children depends on the education pattern used by their parents. The demands of the military/TNI-AD profession are known by civil society to be military in nature because they have been trained in the field regarding discipline and leadership so that the TNI family is identical with military discipline (Arofah, 2014).
The above certainly has a good influence and impact on children during the implementation of online learning. In addition, it is hoped that it can be an example for other parents in assisting their children to learn online. Therefore, a structured and in-depth research is needed regarding this study, which is summarized in the title, "Efforts of Military Parents in Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic at the Bukit Barisan Gaperta Kodam I Complex, Medan".

Approach and Type of Research
This type of research is research (field research) or field research using qualitative research methods. Qualitative research methods are used to examine the condition of natural objects (Sugiyono, 2015;Assingkily, 2021). The approach used in this study is a descriptive approach because the data generated is in the form of written words from people and observed behavior (Moleong, 2010:4). This study is based on the consideration that the researcher intends to describe the efforts of parents to carry out online-based learning from home during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the participation of parents in accompanying, motivating, or other efforts for children when learning online.

Research Background
This research was conducted at the Bukit Barisan Gaperta Military Command I Housing Complex, Central Helvetia sub-district, Medan Helvetia sub-district. The complex was under the leadership of the commander of the complex, Mr. Lieutenant Colonel Amal Amri Tarigan, SH. The complex consists of 13 blocks, namely Gaperta I to Gaperta XIII. The Kodam I/Bukit Barisan Gaperta Housing Complex has been around for a long time. The complex is an official housing for the families of soldiers who are actively serving in their respective units. Each family from each house in the complex already has children who go to school. These children are carrying out online learning from home during the Covid-19 pandemic. The primary data is in the form of words and actions that are sourced from the results of observations and interviews with related parties (Arikunto, 2015:161;Moleong, 2010:157), such as parents, both female parents (mother) or male parents (father) who have elementary school-aged children who are currently in school and doing online learning while at home, precisely at the Bukit Barisan Gaperta Regional Military Command I complex, Medan, totaling 5 families in total. deep. While the secondary data sources of this research were obtained from relevant documents needed, as well as books or scientific literature related to the research discussion.

Data collection technique
Data collection techniques or procedures are the most important step in a study. Because the main goal in a study is to get data. Without guidance in the implementation of data collection techniques/procedures, data will not be obtained optimally. To collect the data in this study, the researcher used observation, interviews (interviews), and documentation.

Data Analysis Process
Data analysis is an effort made by working with data by organizing and sorting it into something that can be managed, find what is important, and can be told to others (Moleong, 2010:24). The data analysis technique used in this study is a descriptive technique using qualitative data analysis from Miles & Hubberman (2009:16) which consists of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing a conclusion.

The Efforts of Military Parents in Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic at the Bukit Barisan Gaperta Military Command I Complex, Medan
The findings in this study are data information regarding the efforts and efforts of parents in the online learning system for children during the COVID-19 pandemic. These efforts include the contribution of parents in becoming a role as a teacher for children, as a facilitator in providing and supporting the implementation of children's online learning, as a motivator in motivating and growing children's enthusiasm in learning in conditions of independent learning with an online system while at home, as well as the efforts of other people. parents as coaches in supervising children's online learning and parental firmness in dealing with things, as a military characteristic known as a very disciplined and firm life in making decisions.

Efforts of Military Parents in Online Learning as Teachers
Parents have various responses in dealing with the transition of children's learning from face to face to online since the COVID-19 pandemic because the implementation of online learning is the additional responsibility of parents in assisting children in learning. The response of parents caused a reaction in the form of other actions, namely being a teacher for their children in replacing the role of teachers in schools in educating and teaching lessons. The contribution of parents as teachers includes the duties of parents as companions, educators, and mentors for children in online learning.
Parents realize that their children's education is also part of their responsibility. This was conveyed by one of the parents at the Bukit Barisan Military Command Complex, Gaperta Medan; Rina's mother (45 years Based on the results of the interview above, it is explained that the process of assisting parents in online learning is carried out simultaneously with work activities at home as a housewife. Female parents (mothers) accompany their children to study online interspersed with household tasks. Likewise, of course, the problems of online learning also apply to elementary-age children (Zain, et.al., 2021;Abroto, et.al., 2021). Parents as teachers and mentors in online learning while at home means that parents have a substitute role for teachers in schools in guiding and teaching children about online lessons. This was conveyed by one of the parents, Mrs. Parents do not only teach children at elementary school age who are carrying out online learning. Parents also become mentors for high school-age children. Parents provide direction and solutions to problems faced by children in learning. Some children are used to learning independently, so parents don't have to worry and worry about the condition of their children's learning activities.
In the education process, parents become the first madrasa for their children. They lay the foundation for future success for children. So parents, especially a mother, must understand that the role and function of an educator is a basic and basic matter. As in an expression, it is said that the mother is the first madrasa for the child. Thus, maximizing the role of mothers as the first educators for children is a necessity (Al-Jauhari, 2020:11-12).
The role of parents as teachers in accompanying children when learning online has reminded us that parents are the first and foremost teachers for children. Because from the moment the child is born, the main task of parents is to provide the first and foremost education for the child (Iftitah & Anawaty, 2020:73). Parenting, guiding, and educating children is basically an obligation for every parent in shaping the child's personality (Mutiah, 2012:11). Thus, the role of parents as teachers in educating children at home is very basic in supporting the process of children learning at home. Parents must assist teachers in maximizing children's online learning activities while at home.

Efforts of Military Parents in Online Learning as Facilitators
Parents have an important role in realizing optimal learning outcomes during the pandemic. The efforts of parents in realizing successful learning do not only include the role of parents as teachers, but parents become facilitators in the form of providing various facilities that support learning. This indicates that parents are providers. As teachers provide teaching materials, parents are providers of things needed in online learning. In the implementation of online learning, parents provide several technological facilities that support the implementation of learning. Online learning must be supported by the technology needed based on the child's learning needs.
Technological facilities used in online learning are in the form of comfortable learning places as well as tools and materials needed during learning, such as laptops, cellphones, study quotas or wifi. This is in line with the results of interviews by several parents in the complex: " Based on the results of interviews with the informants above, the researchers concluded that the technological facilities provided by parents in supporting online learning are cellphones, laptops, internet quotas, and wifi as well as comfortable places for children to learn. These facilities are expected to be useful for children so that they can participate in learning well. Thus, parents as facilitators are parents who fulfill or provide children's online learning needs in the form of smartphones and internet networks.
In addition, another contribution for parents as facilitators is as a bridge between teachers and children during learning at home. These roles include channeling information and building communication between teachers and children. Parents as distributors of information have a role in informing the lessons delivered by the teacher.
Parents send lessons sent by the teacher via cellphone to their children. Because in general all parents are gathered in one group to make it easier for teachers to inform learning. If this is not done, the achievement of learning competence will not be optimal because the child will be negligent in his learning and find it difficult to understand the lesson directly. Another thing was also conveyed by Mr. Ilham in an interview as one of the other parents: "Yesterday's pandemic, right? Hmm, with yesterday's pandemic, sometimes some people study online, sometimes they go online and then they are given homework. The role of parents as a conduit of information between teachers and children is also related to the school assignment collection system. The learning that children get through online will be collected to the teacher if there is homework. School assignments that have been done are collected by the teacher through the parents. Parents will come to school and hand it over to the teacher. Because during the COVID-19 pandemic, all people are encouraged to avoid crowds or the intensity of gatherings, one of which is in the world of education.
Another thing is considering the limited time for children to study while at home. Parents also provide other supporting educational facilities in addition to online learning. This is in accordance with the results of the interview by Mr. Riswanto: " Parents also add additional hours of learning with tutoring activities, such as private lessons or other educational institutions. In addition, parents also invite their children to travel or take a walk. It aims so that children are not bored in online learning activities. Parents also provide facilities for children to recite the Koran. Children are facilitated to recite the Koran by being taught by the teacher or by their parents. When reading the Koran with the teacher, parents bring the Koran teacher to their house or ask their children to come to the Koran school which is usually scheduled in the afternoon.
Based on the results of the interview, it can be concluded that the contribution of parents as facilitators in online learning includes the role of parents as providers of facilities that support online learning such as mobile phone technology, laptops, wifi, or comfortable places to learn. In addition, other facilities are parents as a communication bridge between teachers and children. Parents mediate in channeling information provided by teachers to children. Parents also facilitate other things, namely supporting education in online learning such as sports activities, private lessons, and the Koran. The biggest effort from parents is the provision of learning facilities for children which include learning technology, learning support books, and other supporting education in supporting children's online learning while at home (Alfiansyah, 2019:11). The focus in this case is facilitators, parents provide learning facilities to improve children's learning achievements. If the child does not get online learning support facilities, then the child cannot take part in learning effectively (Umar, 2015:26). Military parents with lives that fall into the category of middle and upper families can provide good learning facilities for their children. In addition to providing internet quota for learning, parents also install wifi services to make it easier for children to learn online.

Efforts of Military Parents in Online Learning as Motivators
Parents as motivators in online learning have a role in encouraging the implementation of online learning in children so that they are enthusiastic about learning. Parents can give enthusiasm and support to their children in carrying out learning, so that children have the enthusiasm to learn, and get good achievements.
Parents as a support system have a role in providing encouragement, either in the form of words or actions that can always foster children's enthusiasm for online learning. Because, good communication between children and parents is very important and necessary. As stated by parents in an interview with Mrs. Ely  Parents invite their children to communicate more closely with their children. Parents advise children about the importance of school and learning and not to drop out of school. Parents indoctrinate their children to study hard, let alone studying in this era is much easier than in the past when parents were full of limitations, such as parents who were not complete or had limited economic and learning facilities.
Parents as a motivator other than as a support system is to give appreciation or reward as a reward to children so that they are more enthusiastic in learning and overcome boredom during online learning. Parents give rewards as an appreciation for their children's success and responsibility in learning, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Giving rewards as applied in military education obtained by parents while taking military education. The reward is in the form of words of praise, gifts, or things that are fun for the child. This is in accordance with the results of interviews with parents in the complex: " From the information from interviews with the informants above, parents reward their children with various things. The main reward is in the form of praise or pleasant words for the child. Parents believe that children are very happy to be praised. Praise will bring a good relationship between parents and children closer and increase children's confidence in learning or doing other things so that children will be motivated to study harder and harder.
Parents as other motivators are parents acting as a driver of faith, worship, and good character for children. Military parents always instill the values of faith, worship, and morals to their children so that they are used to under any circumstances remain responsible for their obligations to themselves. As stated by the parents, namely Mr. Parents remind their children of the importance of having a strong faith. Parents liken the creed should not be confused even though the world is in ruins. In the application of online learning while at home, parents instruct the child to perform Duha prayer as has become a habit in the child's school. Parents still apply it again while at home. This is in accordance with the results of an interview by Mrs. Rina: "In between waiting times, sometimes my mother tells me to eat first if I haven't eaten before, or my mother tells me to pray Duha, because usually at school she also prays Duha si Azka. So, my mother reminds and supervises Azka a lot in studying, the term is being the biological mother of the child + playing the role of being the child's teacher at home." (Results of interview with Mrs. Rina Dewisri, September 24, 2021, at 20.15 WIB) While implementing online learning, parents motivate children in terms of belief and worship, especially in carrying out Duha prayer before or after the implementation of learning. It was concluded that the erratic online learning hours make children have a lot of free time and it is feared that children will play, to anticipate this, parents always remind children to carry out activities or other activities that are always guarded and supervised. Parents not only act as supervisors in online learning, but also in mandatory worship which is a special concern for parents. Parents remind their children to always pray 5 times a day as well as be an example for their children.
The family is a place to plant religious values. The family is the first and foremost place for children's education for the formation of children's character. The function of religion is that the family develops life not only by living it, but also by understanding and implementing religious values and norms with faith and piety to God Almighty (Puspitawati, 2018:135). As military parents do, they always remind their children to carry out their obligations as Muslims, namely praying 5 times a day, reading the Koran, and other worship services, both related to Allah and humans.

Efforts of Military Parents in Online Learning as Coaches
The efforts of parents as coaches are parents as supervisors of children in learning. Parents always look after and supervise their children when carrying out online learning while at home, especially in the face of a pandemic that is worrying for every community. Parents supervise and pay attention to their children's learning time so that it runs effectively and efficiently. As stated by Mr. Captain Riswanto, as one of the children: The supervision carried out based on the results of the interviews above is the supervision of the use of learning technology used by children, such as cellphones or laptops. Parents are worried that if their children are not supervised in using their cellphones, they will be negligent in learning, such as not accessing the intended learning or using it to play.
Parents give punishment when children make mistakes and violate parental rules such as not doing homework or being lazy in studying. The punishment given by military parents is in the form of punishment that fosters and educates. Parents never hit their children even though military life was notorious for being a harsh environment. The punishment given by parents is in the form of reprimand or advice, limiting the use of children's gadgets and other forms of physical exercise such as push-ups, sit-ups, and so on. This is in accordance with the results of interviews by several parents in the complex: "If my punishment is with the words or actions I ordered. Hmm, this punishment is like our military, our punishment is to ask for push-ups so that we remember him, push-ups. Then we say because with that there is a deterrent effect. We push him. Don't play hit. I always remind you, we are, what we do, we will reap the results. If you are lazy now, one day you will become a lazy person." (Results of the interview with Mr. Ilham, October 12, 2021, at 20.25 WIB -finished) Parents give punishment with words of reprimand and advice. The punishment is beneficial for the child, it is proven that the child still listens and obeys the orders and directions of the parents. Other punishments given by parents are in the form of physical exercises such as push-ups or sit-ups which are certainly beneficial for children. The punishment for physical training is based on the application in the military world that is obtained by the child's parents during military education.
Parents as supervisors also instill discipline in children in all things, whether in learning, playing, resting, exercising, or other activities. Discipline applied by parents is carried over from the education parents get in the military. Parents realize with discipline everything will go well and smoothly. With the discipline applied by parents, children can become more organized and focused in carrying out their daily activities.
The discipline applied by military parents is part of the parenting pattern in a military family with historical backgrounds or experiences that the parents have. The parenting pattern is a democratic and authoritarian parenting style. Authoritarian parenting is characterized by full rules from parents while children are only obliged to obey them. Meanwhile, democratic parenting is characterized by discussions between parents and children, and this parenting style prioritizes the educational aspect rather than harsh punishment (Apriani, 2021:45).

CONCLUSION
Based on the findings and explanations above, it can be concluded that the efforts of military parents towards online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Bukit Barisan Military Command I complex are divided into four parental roles, namely parents as teachers, facilitators, motivators, and coaches. Parents as teachers in learning are accompanying and replacing the role of teachers in schools in guiding and teaching children learning materials. Parents as facilitators play a role in providing the facilities and infrastructure needed by children during the learning process, channeling information and building communication between teachers and children, as well as providing other supporting educational facilities in addition to online learning. Parents as motivators include the role of parents as a support system for children, giver of rewards and punishments, as