JURNAL BASICEDU Implementation of Learning Nagham Al-Qur’an in the Art of Reading the Qur'an for Children and Adolescent at LPTQ in Medan City

Remaja. Abstract This study aims to describe the implementation of nagham al-Qur'an learning in the art of reading the Qur'an for children and adolescents at the Tilawatil Qur'an Development Institute (LPTQ) Medan City. Furthermore, this study also analyzes people's perceptions of the nagham al-Qur'an in Javanese style. In the process, this research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive study method. Data was collected using interview, observation, and documentation techniques. Furthermore, the data is analyzed in stages, starting from a preliminary study, conducting research, analyzing data, drawing conclusions, to the stage of reporting research results. The results of this study indicate that the basic nagham al-Qur'an learning material for children at LPTQ Medan City includes tajwid and makhraj letters, while for teenagers it is added to routinely study 4 (four) nagham al-Qur'an. The teaching is carried out regularly using the qiro'ati, sima'i, halaqah, and demonstration methods. The various types of nagham al-Qur'an include hijaz, bayati, shoba, jiharka, nahawan, sika, and others. The learning media used include microphones, speakers, and voice recording devices. Furthermore, there are supporting factors for learning nagham al-Qur'an, namely adequate facilities, systematic learning activities, the seriousness of students repeating learning at home, coaches and trainers who are experts in their fields, and support from the Medan City government. While the inhibiting factors include health factors, lack of concentration of students, and limited time and others. The learning media used include microphones, speakers, and voice recording devices. Furthermore, there are supporting factors for learning nagham al-Qur'an, namely adequate facilities, systematic learning activities, the seriousness of students repeating learning at home, coaches and trainers who are experts in their fields, and support from the Medan City government. While the inhibiting factors include health factors, lack of concentration of students, and limited time allocation.

Responding to the policy (instructions) from the Ministry of Religion of North Sumatra above, Syahrul (2021: 22), argues that the development of the Qur'an in each region is not just preparing Qari'/ah, preparing coaches, and preparing competition events (musabaqah) Al-Qur'an. More than that, the development of the Qur'an in each region should be interpreted as an effort to strengthen all Muslims in North Sumatra to be able to read the Qur'an and understand its meaning.
Observing the literature review above, it can be seen that the study of nagham al-Qur'an learning was prioritized by previous researchers from the aspects of implementation, strategies, methods, characteristics, and tadabbur meaning through the art of reading the Qur'an. However, when examined further, specific studies on children's age and adolescent groups and in Qur'an recitation development institutions in certain areas have not been studied in-depth and specifically. Therefore, the researcher attempted to examine the theme, which was summarized in the research title, "Implementation of Nagham Al-Qur'an Learning in the Art of Reading the Qur'an for Children and Adolescent at LPTQ Medan City".

METHOD
This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive study method. The background of this research is the Institute for Tilawatil Qur'an Development (LPTQ) Medan City. The research informants are the Chair, Secretary, Trainer (Guidance), and Members of the Medan City LPTQ. Data was collected using interview, observation, and documentation techniques. Furthermore, the data is analyzed in stages, starting from a preliminary study, conducting research, analyzing data, drawing conclusions, to the stage of reporting research results. Then, the data will be declared valid after being tested for validity through data triangulation techniques, both from the method and source aspects (Assingkily, 2021).

Maqam Bayati
Maqam Bayyati is dubbed as Ra's al-Naghamaat (mother of rhymes) because bayati rhymes are the basis of various styles and variations in Nagham. Maqam Bayati is generally applied at the beginning and end of the reading, but the qori 'and qoriah are free to apply the rhyme according to their choice. In other words, it is not mandatory to sing the Qur'an starting with the rhyme Bayyati (Saiful, 2021).
Maqam Bayyati has the characteristics of being gentle, happy, and sad. This rhyme can be used in verses related to good news, commands, prohibitions, monotheism, promises, and the power of Allah. What if the bayati begins with composition, it undergoes a process or stage according to the tone or level that it exceeds the degree of variation in Maqam Bayyati. The levels of variation of Bayati are (1) Bayyati Qarar, (2) Bayyati Nawa, (3) Bayyati Jawab, (4) Bayyati Jawabul Jawab. Bayyati also has variations, namely Bayyati Syuri, Bayyati Salim Su'ud/ Salim Nuzul (Putri, 2021).

Maqam Shoba
This Shoba rhyme has rather light and fast lyrics and is a bit flat, except there are some variations of Shoba whose rhythmic movements are a bit up and down. In the art of reading the Qur'an, maqam Shaba has advantages over other rhymes, namely its sad nature, playing slowly, even breaking the hearts of readers and listeners. The levels and variations of the Shaba maqam are (1) Shaba Asli, (2) Shaba Jawab, (3) Shaba Ma 'al Ajam (variasi), (4) Shaba Bastanjar (Quflah) (Yunus, et.al., 2014: 113-118).

Maqam Nahawand
Maqam Nahawand comes from the city of Hamadan, the Arabian Peninsula. Maqam Nahawand has an erergo dynamic, namely the tempo and spirit of the rhythm with light and fast movements. Maqam Nahawand has the characteristics of a valley of sorrow, this maqam Nahawand has a sadness in it, so when applied in the verses of the Qur'an, one should look at the contents of the verses that are read. The verses should be identical to the verses of hell, threats, torments, and appeals. The levels of Maqam Nahawand are: (1) Basic Nahawand, (2) Nahawand Jawab, (3) Nahawan Jawabul Jawab. Nahawand has two branches, namely: 1) Usysyaq dan 2) Nakris (Abdullah, et.al., 2019: 93-102).

Steps for Learning Nagham Al-Qur'an for Children at LPTQ Medan City
Learning nagham Al-Qur'an at LPTQ Medan city is carried out routinely once a week for the children's branch. At the beginning of learning, the educator (coach) opens learning activities with muqaddimah (introduction) and salawat, then sends Surah Al-Fatihah to the teachers and Qari' and Qari'ah who have died. Then, the trainer (educator) provides motivation related to becoming a Qari 'and Qari'ah who has high morals and enthusiasm to always learn to develop themselves in the field of recitations, especially Nagham Al-Qur'an.

Learning Materials
Learning material is a form of material or a set of learning substances to assist teachers/instructors in teaching and learning activities that are systematically arranged in order to meet the specified competency standards (Fakhrurrazi, 2018: 85-99). At LPTQ Medan City, trainers (educators) use material according to the level of students, namely in the form of recitation, makhraj letters, and various basic level Quranic verses.

Learning methods
In learning Nagham Al-Qur'an at LPTQ Medan City for children, the trainer uses several methods, namely: a. Demonstration Method The demonstration learning method is a way of presenting learning by demonstrating a certain process, situation, or object being studied, either in its actual form or in imitation which is shown by the trainer or other learning resources in front of all students (Bando & Elihami, 2021: 81-90). In learning Nagham Al-Qur'an at LPTQ Medan City, the trainer gives examples of reading to students, after that the trainer instructs students to read in turn. For children, the coach instructs them to read with 3 stations of Nagham. This is done so that students can use various Nagham stations as they have been studied.
b. Sima'i Method Sima'i means to hear. As for what is meant by this method is listening to something reading to be memorized. This method will be very effective for students who have extra memory, especially for underage children who are not familiar with reading the Qur'an (Khairiah, 2019). The implementation includes; (1) Hear from the teacher who guides him, especially for children. In cases like this, the trainer is required to play an active, patient, and thorough role in reading one verse at a time, so that students are able to read the Qur'anic verses according to the perfectly determined Nagham. Only then proceed with the next verse; (2) first record the verses that will be read into a cellphone recording, then play and listen carefully while following them slowly. Then it is repeated again and again, and so on according to need so that students are able to read the verses of the Qur'an according to the specified Nagham. This method will be very effective for children. Of course, by using this method, you must provide sufficient supporting tools, such as recording handphone taperecorders, cassette tapes, and others.
c. Halaqah Method With this halaqah method, students sit around the trainer, by forming a circular formation (circle), where the trainer sits in front and is surrounded by his students (Muslimin, 2016: 55-62). Through this halaqah method, the trainer teaches the material or reads the verses of the Qur'an with Nagham to students. Therefore, this method can be regarded as a collective teaching and learning process where students and trainers in the halaqah each hold the Qur'an. The trainer reads the verses of the Qur'an with Nagham. Then the students listen to the verses of the Qur'an with Nagham, each and listen carefully. Then students repeat and learn on their own.

Instructional Media
Learning media are all tools (aids) or objects used in learning, to convey learning messages (information) from sources (educators and other sources) to recipients (students) (Arfani, 2018). Learning media includes tools that are physically used to convey the contents of teaching materials, which consist of, among others, books, tape recorders, cassettes, video cameras, video recorders, films, slides (picture frames), photographs, graphics, television, and computers. In learning Nagham Al-Qur'an at LPTQ in Medan, the Nagham Al-Qur'an trainer at the children's level uses several media. Steps for Learning Nagham Al-Qur'an for Adolescents at LPTQ Medan City

Learning Materials
In the context of learning materials at LPTQ Medan, the trainer uses materials according to the level of students. The Nagham materials used at the Tilawatil Qur'an Institute of Medan City at the youth level, namely: maqam bayati, hijaz, shoba, rast, shika, jiharkah, and nahawand. In addition, in the learning process of Nagham Al-Qur'an at the Tilawatil Qur'an Institute in Medan City, a student is fostered in understanding and demonstrating some voice mastery. Voice is an equally important part of the art of reading the Qur'an, as it is known that the human voice often undergoes many changes, along with increasing age or because of the times it goes through, namely from childhood, adolescence, adulthood, until old. Concerning the need for the art of reading the Qur'an, the most important role is in the final years of children, adolescents, and adults. For this reason, the Qori-Qori'ah who experience such a change in voice must try to combine the external sound with the inner voice, namely a pressing sound that comes from the stomach.

Learning methods
In learning Nagham Al-Qur'an at LPTQ Medan City for adolescents, the trainer uses several: a. The Qiro'ati method is a method of reading the Qur'an which directly practices tartil reading following the rules of tajwid. In learning Nagham Al-Qur'an at LPTQ Medan City, the trainer tries to teach students to use Nagham Al-Qur'an according to the rules of recitation and the science of recitation. b. Demonstration Method. In learning the Nagham Al-Qur'an at the LPTQ in Medan, the trainer gives examples of reading to students, after that the trainer instructs students to read in turn. For teenagers, the coach instructed them to read with 4 Nagham stations. This is done so that students are able to use various Nagham stations as they have been studied. c. The sima'i method. Sima'i means to hear, what is meant by this method is to listen to something reading to be memorized. This method will be very effective for students who have extra memory, especially for memorizing various kinds of Nagham Al-Qur'an; (1) Hearing from the teacher who guides them. In cases like this, the trainer is required to play an active, patient, and thorough role in reading one verse at a time, so that students are able to read the Qur'anic verses according to the perfectly determined Nagham. Only then proceed with the next verse; (2) first record the verses that will be read into a cellphone recording, then play and listen carefully while following them slowly. Then it is repeated again and again, and so on according to need so that students are able to read the verses of the Qur'an according to the specified Nagham. Of course, by using this method, you must provide sufficient supporting tools, such as cellphone recordings, cassette tapes, and others. d. Halaqah method. In this halaqah method, the trainer reads the verses of the Qur'an with Nagham. Then students listen to the verses of the Qur'an with Nagham and listen carefully. Then students repeat and learn on their own.

Instructional Media
Learning media are all tools (aids) or objects used in learning to convey learning messages (information) from sources (educators and other sources) to recipients (students) (Arfani, 2018). Learning media includes tools that are physically used to convey the contents of teaching materials, which consist of, among others, books, tape recorders, cassettes, video cameras, video recorders, films, slides (picture frames), photographs, graphics, television, and computers. In learning Nagham Al-Qur'an at LPTQ in Medan, the Nagham Al-Qur'an trainer at the children's level uses several media.

Supporting Factors for Learning Nagham Al-Qur'an at LPTQ Medan City
Based on the results of interviews and observations that the author did with coaches, trainers, and students, in the implementation of learning Nagham Al-Qur'an at LPTQ Medan City, there are supporting factors, namely: a. Trainers and coaches who are experts in their fields Factors that support the success of the Nagham Al-Qur'an learning process at LPTQ Medan City are supported by the ability of the trainers who are experts in their fields. This is proven that the Nagham Al-Qur'an coach is a National and even International champion of the Nagham Al-Qur'an branch. Not only is that but trainers also brought in from various cities to broaden the knowledge of students.
b. Adequate Facilities Facilities are everything that can facilitate and expedite the implementation of a business and are the facilities and infrastructure needed to carry out or expedite an activity (Azhari & Kurniady, 2016). Given that facilities and infrastructure are one of the determining factors for student learning outcomes, the requirements and use of learning facilities must refer to learning objectives, methods, assessment of student interests, and teachers' abilities. The use of learning facilities is carried out effectively and efficiently regarding the teaching and learning process.
c. Systematic Activities Planning the learning process must be based on systematic principles, because if learning is not carried out regularly/continuously, it will be difficult to train students' abilities (Nurdin, 2019). Systematic learning at the Medan City LPTQ in organizing this activity, then the Medan City LPTQ did not hesitate to bring trainers from outside the city to support the ability of students to be even better. d

. Competent Learners
The ability of students in the learning process is very much needed because later students will take part in the MTQ competition activities organized by the Province of North Sumatra and will be selected as representatives of North Sumatra in the National MTQ competition. Therefore, competent students are needed in this case. LPTQ Medan City has received excellent achievements such as being the overall champion of the MTQ at the Provincial level six times in a row.
e. Government Support The Tilawatil Qur'an Development Institute, the Medan City government participates in supporting the activities that have been programmed by the management of the Tilawatil Qur'an Development Institute both morally and materially. Based on this, the Institute for Tilawatil Qur'an Development is progressing and continues to develop for the love of the Qur'an in Medan City. The city of Medan has won the overall championship 6 times in a row, LPTQ Medan City in collaboration with trainers who are experts in their fields, with the Ministry of Religion and the Mayor. So, the government plays a role in helping and supporting Medan City LPTQ, one of which is by providing routine funds/grant funds, through which this budget is used to implement and facilitate learning at Medan City LPTQ.

Inhibiting Factors in Learning Nagham Al-Qur'an at LPTQ Medan City
Based on the results of interviews and observations that the author did with coaches, trainers, and students, in the implementation of nagham Al-Qur'an learning at LPTQ Medan City, there are inhibiting factors, namely: a. The seriousness of Students to Repeat Learning at Home Seriousness is an important factor in starting learning, if students do not have it, it will be difficult to achieve the objectives of learning. The obstacle is seriousness in learning. Like the trainer is waiting at the learning location but the students are not yet present, sometimes they are rarely present so that the ability is not honed and it is difficult to apply the nagham of the Qur'an. Then, the inhibiting factor is seen from the 3109 Implementation of Learning Nagham Al-Qur'an in the Art of Reading the Qur'an for Children and Adolescent at LPTQ in Medan City -Baihaki Harahap, Abd. Mukti, Haidir DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i2.2542 Jurnal Basicedu Vol 6 No 2 Tahun 2022 p-ISSN 2580-3735 e-ISSN 2580-1147 willingness of students to memorize and repeat lessons at home, because if you only study in the LPTQ Koa Medan study room, while there is no effort to train yourself, it is difficult to develop yourself. b. Health Factor The health of students greatly affects the learning process of nagham Al-Qur'an, because if students are in poor health conditions, it will affect the sound which is one of the most important things in learning Nagham Al-Qur'an. If the voice is "hoarse" and the body is not fit, then it is difficult to follow the Nagham Al-Qur'an learning process. Not only students, it turns out that the health of the trainer is also an inhibiting factor in the learning process.
c. Lack of Concentration Concentration is one aspect that supports students to achieve good performance and if this concentration is reduced, then participating in Nagham Al-Qur'an learning will be disrupted. Concentration is influenced by environmental factors (such as sound, lighting, temperature, and study design), relationships, and learning psychology. These factors determine students can process any information. A person who often has difficulty concentrating is caused by being disturbed by environmental conditions (noise, chaotic conditions, bad weather, etc.), a chaotic mind with many health issues/problems (body and soul) that are disturbed (weak body), bored with lessons/school and others.
d. Time Allocation Time allocation is an important factor in the learning process. Although the Nagham Al-Qur'an learning is carried out systematically once a week for the children's level, if students only study at the Medan City Tilawatil Qur'an Development Institute without increasing study time at home, it will be difficult for students to develop the ability to understand the maqam Nagham Al-Qur'an.

Nagham Al-Qur'an Learning Solutions at LPTQ Medan City
The following is the solution sought by the nagham Al-Qur'an coaches at LPTQ Medan: a. The nagham Al-Qur'an supervisor motivates students to be serious and diligent in learning, this is always conveyed before starting learning. The nagham Al-Qur'an coaches always tell inspirational stories related to learning motivation. Then every student who is present, especially for students who are invited, will be given "ujrah" funds to each student. b. The coach provides recordings and videos of nagham Al-Qur'an related to the lessons learned in WhatsApp groups so that students can repeat the lessons at home. c. The coach increases learning time and accepts students who want to study outside of learning time, such as holding lessons at the coach's house, students' homes, or at the mosque. It aims to help students develop their interests.

Public Perception of Nagham Al-Qur'an with Javanese Style
Related to the polemic that occurred after Yasser Arafat performed Javanese-style recitations at the State Palace (Arsyadani, 2016: 93-108), it gave rise to various perceptions from the community. Reading the holy verses of the Qur'an in an "unusual" way, generally, nagham or rhymes commonly used to read the Qur'an are bayati, shoba, hijaz, nahawand, rast, jiharkah, or Sikah. The Qur'an is indeed extraordinary, as the holy book of Muslims who make up the majority of the Indonesian population, it does contain nuances of poetry and rhyme, even more beautiful because all the sentences have values that are not shared by any poem, but the Qur'an is not a book of poetry and rhymes, it is the book of Allah. On this basis, the Qur'an is not a book of poetry that we can read like poetry, even more than that it is not proper for a prophet to write poetry, even poetry is not the words of the apostles. As the word of Allah Q.S Yasin: 69, which means: "And We did not teach him (Muhammad) poetry and poetry was not suitable for him. The Qur'an is nothing but a lesson and an enlightening book." 3110 Implementation of Learning Nagham Al-Qur'an in the Art of Reading the Qur'an for Children and Adolescent at LPTQ in Medan City -Baihaki Harahap, Abd. Mukti, Haidir DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i2 From some of the opinions above, the author concludes that the community and the coaches of the Qur'an nagham at LPTQ Medan city do not agree with the nagham Al-Qur'an by using the Javanese style. When viewed from some of the perceptions above, no one agrees if the Qur'an is read against the rules of recitation because recitation is the main requirement in reading the Qur'an. Reading the Qur'an does not pay attention to recitation, it is the same as not glorifying the Qur'an.
As the results of research by Sya'roni (2016) suggest that there are errors in the pronunciation of tajwid in the verse read by Yasser Arafat. The discrepancy with the reading of tajwid is 64 out of 121 which should be read with recitation. From the results of this study, the researchers concluded that the reading of the Qur'an in Javanese style was not following the rules of recitation and on the mad side. This proves that reading the Qur'an in Javanese style is not following the rules of recitation, causing the perception in society to reject the nagham of the Qur'an by using the Javanese style.

CONCLUSION
Based on the description of the research results above, it is concluded that the basic nagham al-Qur'an learning material for children at LPTQ Medan City includes tajwid and makhraj letters, while for adolescents it is added to routinely study 4 (four) nagham Al-Qur'an. The teaching is carried out regularly using the qiro'ati, sima'i, halaqah, and demonstration methods. The various types of nagham al-Qur'an include hijaz, bayati, shoba, jiharka, nahawan, sika, and others. The learning media used include microphones, speakers, and voice recording devices. Furthermore, there are supporting factors for learning nagham al-Qur'an, namely adequate facilities, systematic learning activities, the seriousness of students repeating learning at home, coaches and trainers who are experts in their fields, and support from the Medan City government. While the inhibiting factors include health factors, lack of concentration of students, and limited time allocation.