JURNAL BASICEDU Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes on the Thesis Abstracts

Siswa. Abstract An analysis of derivational and inflectional morphemes has great value because sometimes, learners face difficulties in understanding those morphemes. Dealing with this problem, this study was aimed to describe the types of derivational and inflectional morphemes. As this study analyzed the written documents, this study was identified as library research. The subjects of this study were five alumni of the master of English education study program of STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo. Documentation and the researcher himself were recognized as the instruments of this study. The data of this study were all words attached by derivational or inflectional morpheme, and all those data were taken from students’ research abstracts. In analyzing the data, the researcher used content analysis. The results showed that the researcher found and discussed two types of derivational morpheme namely derivational prefix (“-un” and “-in”) and derivational suffix (“-ion”, “-al”, “-ance”, “-er”, “-ive”, “-ity”, “-able”, “-ary”, and “-ly”). However, the researcher found and discussed 5 types of inflectional morpheme covering: plural (-s), possessive (-s’ or ‘s), present (-s or -es), past (-ed), and present participle


INTRODUCTION
Language is a medium used by people in order to facilitate communication. It means that language is an essential part in human behavior. Because of its importance, there is a subject studying language called linguistics. Linguistics is described as systematic and scientific study of language (Crystal 2008). All parts of language are studied in linguistics especially words and morphemes. A study that emphasizes on words and morphemes is defined as Morphology.
Morphology is a study about what the word is, how the word is formed, and how the word is differentiated because of its use (Lieber in Chudhori, 2017). It means that one focus or morphology is studying the way how the new words are developed. In developing or creating new words, some types of word are formed such as compound word and complex word. Compound words were formed by two free morphemes (morphemes that can stand alone) that conjoins together. A complex word is a word that comes from the combination of free morpheme and affix(s). Affixes, bound morphemes, were attached in the free morpheme in order to modify words. Those bound morphemes can be divided into two categories namely (1) derivational morpheme and (2) inflectional morpheme.
Derivational affix or derivational morpheme is a kind of affix that is attached in the base words and change the grammatical class or class-word (Crystal 2008). It also changes the meaning of base words. The word attached by this affix is called as derived word or new word. For example, the word "happy" is an adjective word. If it is modified by derivational "-ness", it becomes "happiness" that is a noun. However, inflectional affix is a bound morpheme that does not change the grammatical class of stems where it is attached (Crystal 2008). The attachment of this morpheme is only to indicate grammar rules. For example, morpheme "-ing" in the word "studying". It does not change both meaning and class word of the word attached by "-ing". This research is aimed to analyze the derivational and inflectional morphemes in the research' abstract because there are some reasons.
Firstly, it is important to analyze inflectional and derivational affix because of it is not easy thing to be learned. To support this statement, the analysis of derivational and inflectional morphemes is crucial because sometimes, learners face difficulties in identifying those morphemes (Halawa, Raflis and Reni 2016). The difficulties faced by the students are in identifying the meaning and the grammatical class of the complex words. Secondly, the analysis of inflectional and derivational can improve the knowledge of words, so it is a great thing for students. The knowledge of around 3000 word families is the threshold needed for tapping other language skills (Farsi, 2008). In addition, analyzing derivational affixes can develop the knowledge of students' vocabularies (Halawa, Raflis, & Reni, 2016). Thirdly, to know the meaning of derivational affixes in the passages is the interesting way in learning language (Andini, 2019). It means that learning morphology is attractive way in improving language skills.
Lastly, research abstract is an essential element for knowledge communicating tools which has gained growing considerations in recent times following the information explosion era in the academic world (Darabad, 2016). Based on this statement, the analyzing derivational and inflectional affixes in the researches' abstract is a great choice because abstract is the important part of research concluding research contents. Considering the above reasons and explanations, the researcher Interests to conduct research entitled "Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes used in the thesis abstracts of alumni of master of English Education at STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo in the Academic Year of 2019/2020.

Types of Derivational Morpheme
In the process of developing words, there are two types of bound morphemes that modify words. Those kinds of bound morpheme are derivational and inflectional morpheme. In English derivational morphology or 3897 Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes on the Thesis Abstracts -Anggun Purnomo Arbi, Sulistyaningsih, Abd. Syakur, Lestariningsih DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i3.2659 Jurnal Basicedu Vol 6 No 3 Tahun 2022  p-ISSN 2580-3735 e-ISSN 2580-1147 derivational affix can complete two main functions (Wardhani 2015). Moreover, it can change the meaning and the class words. By attaching derivational morphemes, the class of origin words is changed (Slamet & Sulistyaningsih, 2019). Typically, the addition of derivational affixes can create a new word (Crystal 2008). The words attached by derivational affixes are named derived words (Wardhani 2015). Derivational morphemes can appear in two types including derivational prefix and derivational suffix. Affixes can be classified as derivational suffix when it is attached after the word. Generally, the derivational affixes change the class words and the meaning of base words (Putri 2018). For example, the word "happy" can be the derived word when it is attached by derivational morpheme "ness". The word "happy" is originally an adjective. By adding the morpheme "ness", it will be "happiness" that is a noun. In the other hands, derivational prefix is prefix that was attached before the base word (Putri 2018). For example, the word "incompetent" is developed by two morphemes that are the free morpheme "competent" and a derivational prefix "in-".

Research Design
Viewed from the settings, this research was a kind of library research as the data were taken from research abstract. Library research is a type of research that analyzes written text, book, magazine, document, journal, article, and so forth (Mahmud 2016). The documentation of this research meant the research abstracts written by five alumni of Master of English Education Study Program at STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo.

Participants
The subjects of this study were five alumni of Master of English Education Department of STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo in the Academic Year of 2019/2020.

Instruments
In order to collect and analyze the data, there were two instruments. Those instruments were the documentations and the researcher himself.

Data Analysis
In this sub title, the researcher describes the steps of analyzing data. Data analysis means the steps when researcher analyzes the data in the form of words (observation, description, impression and so many more) (Ary 2010). In order to analyze the data the researcher adapted the theories of content analysis by (Ary 2010). The steps were illustrated in the descriptions below: 1. Specifying the phenomenon that should be investigated (phenomenon that should be investigated in this study refers to the morphological analysis on the developing complex words. This phenomenon is called as inflection and derivation). 2. Selecting the media from which the observations are to be made (The media, in this research, means the part of thesis written by alumni of the Master of English Education Study Program at STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo. This part was students' thesis abstracts. There were five students' thesis abstract analyzed by the researcher). 3. Formulating exhaustive and also mutually exclusive coding classification (The researcher classified the types of derivational morpheme and inflectional morpheme. Specifically, based on the theories, the researcher investigated two types derivational morpheme that was derivational prefix and derivational suffix. In addition, the researcher also investigated eight types of inflectional morphemes namely: plural, possessive, present, past, comparative, superlative, past participle, and present participle).

Types of Derivational morpheme
Types of derivational morpheme refer to the classification of derivation viewed from its characteristics. There are two types or categories of derivational affix called derivational prefix and derivational suffix (Putri 2018). Viewed from its forms, derivational affixes can be called as derivational prefix if it is located in the left side of word and as derivational suffix if it is located in the right side of word. The researcher presented the types of derivational morpheme by using the tables cited below. In those tables, the same words used by every student were not presented, but those words were counted as the data.

Types of Inflectional Morpheme
The inflectional affixes are morphemes that are attached in the base words without any changing the class words (Wardhani, 2015:33). It means that the words attached by inflectional morpheme of affixes have grammatical purposes. Considering this theory, the researcher found some words attached by inflectional and groped them into some types. The data were found in the students' thesis abstracts; they were represented in the table 2. In this table, the same words used by every student were not presented, but those words were counted as the data (See appendix.1).

Types of Derivational Morpheme
This part, discussion, was intended to interpret and describe the results of this study related to the types of derivational morpheme and inflectional morpheme found in the thesis abstracts of alumni of master of English Education at STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo in the Academic Year of 2019/2020. This part also described the significance of this study's results. In the other words, this part discussed the investigation about the research problems and the understanding the problems formulated by the researcher. After identifying the words attached by derivational morpheme, the researcher classified those findings into two categories namely derivational prefix and derivational suffix. It means that the first type of derivational morpheme used by the subjects was derivational prefix, and the second type of derivational morpheme was derivational suffix.

Derivational Prefix
Viewed from its forms, derivational morphemes can be called as derivational prefix if it is located in the left side of word or in the beginning of the base word (Putri 2018). As stated in the results of data analysis, there were two morphemes classified as derivational prefix as they were located before the base words. They were derivational morpheme "un" and "in" a. Derivational prefix "un" In English, there is a prefix that can form new adjectives and new verbs that is called prefix "-un" (Rugaiyah 2018). It has negative (not) meaning, or it changes the words into the derivational antonym. In this case, there was a word attached by "un". It was the word "Unconfident". However, the addition of prefix "un" in this case did not change the part of speech of the word attached. The word "unconfident" literary came from the word "confident" that was added by "un". Both "unconfident" and "confident" were adjective. Even the addition of "un" did not change the class-word, it drastically changes the meaning of the base. The meaning of the word "unconfident" turned to the contrast meaning of the base word. It means that the addition of derivational prefix "un" created the new word specifically new adjective.
b. Derivational prefix "in" The derivational prefix "in-" is the kind of bound morpheme mostly modified or attached to adjectives, and it has negative meaning (not) (Halawa, Raflis and Reni 2016). It was one of the types of derivational prefix found in the students' thesis abstracts. As shown in the data presentation, the prefix "in" appeared in the word "Incompatibility". It was identified as the derivational prefix as it was located in the beginning of the base or root. The "Incompatibility" came from "in" added in the word "compatibility". The addition of "in" in this case, did not change the grammatical class of root. However, this morpheme changed the meaning into the opposite meaning of the base. It means that this morpheme had negative meaning (not).

Derivational Suffix
Generally, the derivational morphemes are kind of morphemes which change the class word (part of speech) and the meaning of base words when those morphemes are attached (Putri 2018). The derivational morphemes used in the students' research abstracts were "-ion", "-al", "-ance", "-er", "-ive", "-ity", "-able", "ary", and "-ly". Those morphemes were discussed in the description below: a. Derivational Suffix "-ion" First type of derivational suffix discussed by the researcher was derivational suffix "-ion". The derivational suffix "-ion" is a kind of morpheme that can be attached to verb in order to form new noun (Halawa, Raflis and Reni 2016). It means that this morpheme can be called as the derivation as it can change the meaning and the part of speech of derived words. The addition of morpheme "-ion" happened in the words "comprehension", "action", "calculation", "pronunciation", "implication", and "regression".
Firstly, the word "comprehension" was a word attached by suffix "-ion". It came from the word "comprehend" that was modified by "-ion". Viewed from that formation, this morpheme was classified as the derivational suffix as "-ion" was placed in the right side of "comprehend". The addition of "-ion", in this case, create a new word called "comprehension" because morpheme "-ion" changed the meaning of "comprehend" and change this word's part of speech (from verb to noun).
Secondly, the derivational suffix "-ion" was found in the word "action". This word was formed by free morpheme "act" that was a verb and a derivational suffix "-ion". As the morpheme "-ion" was added after the base "act", this morpheme was classified as derivational suffix. The addition of "-ion" in the word "act" change the meaning of this word from "behave" to "doing something". It turned the verb "act" to noun "action".
Thirdly, the derivational suffix "-ion" was used to modified the word "calculate". The word "calculation" comes from the combination of two morphemes called "calculate" and "-ion". Based on this combination, the morpheme "-ion" was classified as the derivational suffix because it was located in the right side of base word "calculate". The word "calculation" was called as derived word as it changes the meaning of the base word from "judging the number of something or amount of something" to "the use of information got from the calculating something". It also changed the class words of "calculate" (verb) into "calculation" (noun).
Fourthly, the derivational suffix "-ion" modified the word "observation". because this morpheme was placed after the word "observe". The addition of the morpheme "-ion" changed the meaning and the part of speech of the base. The meaning of "observe" from (noticing something) to (action of observing something). This morpheme was added in order to turn verb "observe" to noun "observation".
Fifthly, one derived word attached by the morpheme "-ion" was the word "implication". The word "implication" was formed by the combination of free morpheme "implicate" and the bound morpheme "-ion". Because of the modification of morpheme "-ion", the meaning and the part of speech of the base "implicate" changed. The part of speech of the word "implicate" was a verb, but after the addition of "-ion" the part of speech was noun.
Lastly, the word "regression" was identified as the derived word as it was modified by suffix "-ion" in the right side. This case was called as the derivation as the meaning and class word of the base was changed. The class word was changed from the verb into noun. The meaning changed from (returning to the worse state) to (to previous state).

b. Derivational Suffix "-al"
The derivational suffix "-al" is a suffix that can change the base to new adjective (Halawa, Raflis and Reni 2016). In analyzing five students' research abstract, one derivational suffix used by the students was derivational suffix "-al". This morpheme, "-al", appeared in the right side of the base words or the root, so this phenomenon was called suffix. It was used in several derived words covering: (1) experimental, (2) situational, and (3) conventional. Those derived words were discussed in the description below: The first derived word attached by the derivational morpheme "-ion" was "experimental". It means that this derived word was formed by two morphemes called: "experiment" and "-al". The word "experiment" was a free morpheme that was a noun. After the addition on morpheme "-al", the class words become adjective. It can be stated that the addition of the morpheme "-al" change the grammatical class of word. It also changed the meaning of the base word from (the test that is conducted for learning something) to (something that relates to the test). The second derived word used by the students was "situational". it was called as a derived word as it was developed by two morphemes conjoining together. They were free morpheme "situation" and derivational suffix "-al". The addition of "-al" to the word "situation" change the meaning of the base word "situation" and those part of speech. The meaning of the word "situation" was situation or condition happened in particular times. However, this meaning changes to relating to specific condition and situation. The class words or part of speech of the word "situation" also changed from noun to adjective.
The third derived word attached by the derivational suffix "-al" was the word "conventional" that was formed by free morpheme "convene" (verb) that was added by the bound morpheme "-ion", and then it became "convention" (noun). Because it was attached by bound morpheme "-al", the meaning and the class words of the word "situation" was changed. The meaning of the word "convention" was ordinary and traditional. The meaning of the word "convention" was the large meeting conducted for particular or specific goals such as particular jobs.
c. Derivational suffix "-ance" One derivational suffix changing the base word to noun was suffix "-ance" (Rugaiyah 2018). Based on the presented data in the findings, the derivational suffix "-ance" modified the word "signify", and created a new word called "significance". It means that the addition of the morpheme "-ance" can cause the derived word "significance".
The derived word "significance" was created by the combination of two kinds of morphemes called free morpheme "signify" and derivational suffix "-ance". The combination of those morphemes created new word as the class word and the meaning of the word "signify". The class word or part of speech of "signify" changed from verb to noun. The meaning changed from (to mean) to (importance).

d. Derivational Suffix "-er"
One kind of derivational suffix used by students was derivational suffix "-er". When this suffix added to the verb in the right side, the verbs turned to noun (Rugaiyah 2018). In the process of data analysis, the researcher found out that this suffix created new words or derived words namely: (1) teacher, (2) researcher, and (3) speaker. They were discussed in the description below: "Teacher" was the derived word attached by "-er". It was identified as the derived word as it was formed by two morphemes conjoining together, and by its combination, the part of speech and the meaning of "teach" changed. Those morphemes were (1) free morpheme "teach", and (2) derivational suffix "-er". The meaning of base word "teach" was changed from "transferring knowledge" to "the one who has a role in transferring knowledge". The class word of "teach" was a verb that changed to noun after the addition of derivational suffix "-er".
The next derived word attached by derivational suffix "-er" was the word "researcher". This word, generally, came from two morphemes combined together. The word "research" was added by suffix "-er", and it created a new word called "researcher". This word was called a new word because the meaning of base word was changed from (studying something in detail) to (the one who conducts a study).
The last derived word attached by derivational suffix "-er" was the word "speaker". This word was classified as the derived word because this word was created by combining two morphemes called free morpheme "speak" and derivational suffix "-er". This combination created a new word as the meaning and the part of speech of the base word "speak". The part of speech of "speak" was verb, and it became noun. The meaning of this word changed from (using voices or saying words) to (the one who speaks something).

e. Derivational Suffix "-ive"
Based on data analysis presented in the findings, one derivational suffix used by the students was derivational suffix "-ive". It was a kind of suffix as it appeared in the end of root or base word that changed the base word to adjective (Rugaiyah 2018). It was added to some words or derived new words namely: (1)  (3) effective. The first derived word attached by derivational suffix "-ive" was the word "descriptive". This word was classified as derived word because it was formed by the combination of free morpheme "describe" and derivational suffix "-ive". The addition of this morpheme, "-ive" made a new word. It changed the class word of the word "describe" from verb to adjective. The meaning also change from (saying or writing something to recognizing it) to (describing something). The second derived word that was added by derivational suffix "-ive" was the word "effective". The word "effect" was identified as derived word as it was derived from the combination of two morphemes including: free morpheme "effect" and derivational morpheme "-ive". That combination changed the meaning and the part of speech of "effect". The part of speech of the word "effect" was a noun, and changed to adjective. The meaning of the base changed from (the results of some actions) to (achieving or reaching objectives of something).

f. Derivational Suffix "-ity"
Based on the data analysis presented in the findings, the researcher found out that one kind of derivational suffix was derivational suffix "-ity". This morpheme is a kind of derivational morpheme attached to adjective in order to form new noun (Halawa, Raflis and Reni 2016). This morpheme was recognized in some words namely: (1) activity, (2) compatibility, (3) incompatibility, and (4) continuity. They were discussed in the description below: Firstly, one derived word found in the students' research abstracts was the word "activity". It was described as the derived word as it was attached by derivational suffix. This derived word generally came from the base word "act" that was a verb. After that, it was added by "-ive", and it became the word "active" as an adjective. The derived word "active" was attached by morpheme "-ity" that created a new word called "activity" that was a noun.
Secondly, the next derived word modified by derivational morpheme was the word "compatibility". This derived word actually came from the base word "compact" that was an adjective. Then, it derived word after modified by the morpheme "able". It became the word "compatible" that was adjective. Thus, this word was modified by the derivational suffix "-ity", so it created a new word called "compatibility". the part of speech of this word was noun.
Lastly, the derived word caused by the attachment of derivational suffix "-ity" was the word "continuity". This word was recognized as the derived word because of the appearance of the derivational morpheme "-ity". This word was developed by the combination of two morphemes called (1) free morpheme "continue", and (2) derivational suffix "-ity". As a derived word, the part of speech and the meaning of the base word "continue" changed drastically. The part of speech of "continue" was a verb. However, the past of speech of "continuity" was a noun. The meaning of the base change from (to keep doing something) to (the fact of something that continues for a long time without becoming stopped and changed).
g. Derivational Suffix "-able" Derivational suffix "-able" was a kind of derivational suffix that turned the base word into new adjective (Rugaiyah 2018). This suffix only appeared in the one derived word called "compatible". This derived word actually came from the base word "compact" that was an adjective. Then, it became derived word after it was modified by the morpheme "able". It became the word "compatible" that was an adjective. It meant that the addition of the derivational suffix changes the meaning of the word "compact" from (consisting of parts that are positioned together closely) to (able to exist, live, or work successfully with something or someone else).
h. Derivational Suffix "-ary" Viewed from the data analysis presented in the findings, one derivational suffix used by the students was derivational suffix "-ary". This morpheme was a type of suffix as it appeared in the ending of root or base word, and changed the noun to adjective (Halawa, Raflis and Reni 2016). It was added to only one word or a derived new word namely "elementary". The development of this derived word was discussed below: The derived word "elementary" was the word combined by two morphemes conjoining together. Those morphemes were free morpheme "element" and a derivational suffix "-ary". This combination derived a new word because the meaning and the class words of "element" changed. The class words of the word "element" was a noun. However, the class words of elementary was an adjective. In conclusion, the addition of derivational "-ary" changed the word into adjective.
i. Derivational Suffix "-ly" One derivational suffix found in the students' research abstracts was derivational suffix "-ly". It was a kind of suffix as it appeared in the end of root or base word, and turned the base word into adverb (Halawa, Raflis and Reni 2016). It was a kind of derivational suffix that turned the base word into adverb. In this study, derivational suffix "-ly" appeared in the development of the word "easily". The word "easily" was formed by two morphemes. The first one was free morpheme "easy". The second one was derivational suffix "-ly". The combination of those morphemes created or derived a new word because it changed the part of speech of the word attached. The part of speech of the word "easily" was an adjective. However, the part of speech of the derived word "easily" was an adverb. The meaning of the word "easy" was (the way to express that something is not difficult or does not need hard effort). However, the word "easily" meant (something that expresses easy thing).
Types of inflectional morpheme are described as the categories or classification of inflectional morpheme caused by the grammatical rules. It is used to express grammatical meaning of words attached. In English, we know that inflectional affix can be divided into several categories. This category covers eight types of inflectional morphemes. They are (1) plural, (2) possessive, (3) comparative, (4) superlative, (5) present tense, (6) past tense, (7) present participle, and (8) past participle (Wardhani 2015).
The first inflected word was "students". It can be separated into two morphemes including free morpheme "student" and bound morpheme "-s". The next inflected word was "researchers". It was a free morpheme "researcher" that was added by inflectional plural "s". The inflected word "cycles" was formed by two morphemes including "cycle" as a free morpheme and bound morpheme "-s". Thus, the inflected word "results" was formed by the combination of free morpheme "result" and an inflectional plural "-s". The next inflected word was "contexts". It consisted of two morphemes namely "context" as the free morpheme and "-s" as the bound morpheme attached. The inflected word "parts" was a complex word formed by the combination of a noun "part" and a bound morpheme "-s". Next, the word "pupils" was an inflected word as it was formed by a noun "pupil" modified by the bound morpheme "-s". The inflected word "materials" was formed by two morphemes conjoining together. Those morphemes were free morpheme "material" and bound morpheme "-s". Inflected word "indicators" contained free morpheme "indicator" and bound morpheme "-s". The next inflected word was "questions". It was called as inflected word because it was developed by two morphemes including free morpheme "question" and bound morpheme "-s". An inflected word "numbers" was developed by two morphemes that were free morpheme "number" and bound morpheme "-s". The inflected word "communicants" came from the combination of free morpheme "communicant" and bound morpheme "s".
In addition, the inflected word "types " was a combination of noun "type" that was modified bound morpheme "-s". The word "reasons" can be called as an inflected word as it was formed by the two morphemes that were free morpheme "reason" bound morpheme "-s". The last inflected attached by inflectional plural was "findings". It contained two morphemes including free morpheme "finding" modified by bound morpheme "s".
k. Inflectional Possessive "-'s" Inflectional possessive was one of types of inflectional morpheme that was discussed by the researcher. The inflectional possessive "-'s" was described as a type of inflectional affix that has a role to indicate the possession or noun possessive (Rugaiyah 2018). It can also be called as genitive inflection. It means that this morpheme explains the base word's belongings. It was found in the students' research abstracts as it attached to nouns. It was added in the end of noun.
The results of this study showed that this morpheme occurs several times. Its appearance caused some words became inflected words. In this students' research abstracts, the possessive "-s'" or "-'s" appeared in the inflected word (1) "student's", (2) "students', and (3) pupil's.
Firstly, the inflected word "student's" was formed by the combination of two morphemes that were free morpheme "student" and bound morpheme "-'s". In contrast with the word "student's", the word "students'" was formed by three morphemes including a free morpheme "student" and two inflectional morphemes. The free morpheme "student" was modified by inflectional plural as (student + s) and after that, it was modified by inflectional possessive (students + 's). Lastly, the inflectional word "pupil's" was developed by a free morpheme "pupil" and it was modified by an inflectional morpheme "-'s". l. Inflectional Present "-s" or "-es" A type of inflectional morpheme signaling the grammatical functions of verb was an inflectional present "-s". It means that it only modified the verb in a sentence. Same as the other types of inflectional morpheme, it appeared in the end of the base word as a suffix. In English, the inflectional present "-s" inflected verbs in order to indicate the third singular person (he, she, and it). Thus, this morpheme was used to show that the subject of simple present tense was the third person (Rugaiyah 2018). This case happened only in simple present tense. Viewed from the data analysis, the researcher found some inflected words caused by inflectional present. Those inflected words were (1) discusses, (2) uses, (3) shows, (4) means, (5) wants, and (6) tells. Those inflected words were broken down in the description below: The inflected word "discusses" can be broken down into two morphemes including a free morpheme "discuss" and a bound morpheme "-es". The next inflected word caused by inflectional present was "uses". This word contained two morpheme that were a free morpheme "use" combined by an inflectional present "-s". The inflected word "shows" was inflexion that was formed by a free morpheme "show" and an inflectional "-s". The next inflected word attached by inflectional present "-s" was "means". It came from two morphemes conjoined together that were free morpheme "mean" and inflectional present "-s". The inflected word "wants" consisted of a free morpheme "want" and an inflectional present "-s". The last inflected word modified by inflectional present "-s" was "tells" that was formed by free morpheme "tell" and an inflectional present "-s". m. Inflectional Past "-ed" One of the types of inflectional morpheme that attached to the verb was inflectional past "-ed". The inflectional past added to the words that were regular verbs. Inflectional past "-ed" was used to indicate past  (Rugaiyah 2018). It means that it is used to create a variant of regular verbs. It was located in the end of the base words as a suffix. In the students' abstracts, there were some inflected verbs found by the researcher there were: (1) rejected, (2) accepted, (3) concluded, (4) carried, (5) focused, (6) based, (7) presented, (8) collected, (9) showed, (10) classified, (11) followed, and (12) switched. In data analysis, there was an inflected word attached by inflectional past "-ed". It was "rejected". This word can be broken down into two morphemes that were free morpheme "reject" and inflectional past "-ed". The next case, there was an inflected verb namely "accepted". This word contained two morphemes that were a free morpheme "accept" and an inflectional past "-ed". The word "concluded" was classified as an inflected word because it was developed by combining a free morpheme "conclude" and an inflectional past "-ed".
The inflected word "carried" consisted of two morphemes that were a free morpheme "accept" and an inflectional past "-ed". Next, the word "focused" was recognized as an inflected word as it was formed by a free morpheme "focus" and an inflectional past "-ed". The next inflected word caused by inflectional past was "based". This inflected word was formed by a free morpheme "base" and an inflectional past "-ed".
The inflected word "presented" contained a verb "present" that was modified inflectional past "-ed". The next word was "collected". This word was identified as an inflected word as it was developed by two that were a free morpheme "collect" and an inflectional past "-ed". The inflected word "showed" contained a free morpheme "show" and an inflectional past "-ed". The next inflected word was "classified". Thus, this word was recognized as an inflected word as it was formed by a free morpheme "classify" and an inflectional past "-ed". The inflected word "followed" consisted of a free morpheme "follow" and an inflectional past "-ed". The last inflected word caused by inflectional past "-ed" was "switched". It was formed by two morphemes that were a free morpheme "switch" and an inflectional past "-ed". n. Inflectional Present Participle "-ing" One of the types of inflectional morphemes that was used to modify verbs was inflectional present participle "-ing" (Rugaiyah 2018). This "-ing" is added to the end of verbs as a suffix. It was used for giving the variations of verbs. It means that it has roles in the grammatical rules in a sentence. Thus, the attachment of this morpheme caused the grammatical meaning of verbs. This morpheme, inflectional present participle, was added into all verbs in order to indicate progressive tenses. In addition it appeared in a verb in order to show the progressive aspect. In the students' research abstracts, the inflected words caused by inflectional "-ing" were (1) reading, (2) using, (3) developing, (4) according, (5) speaking, (6) collecting, (7) analyzing, (8) having, (9) switching, (10) learning, (11) teaching, (12) recording, (13) establishing, (14) involving, (15) lacking, (16) understanding.
"Reading" is an inflected word as it was formed by two morphemes joining together. The first morpheme was a free morpheme "read, and the second morpheme was an inflectional present participle "-ing". The next case, the inflected word "using" contained two morphemes namely: free morpheme "use" and an inflectional present participle "-ing". The word "developing" was an inflected word as it contained a free morpheme "develop" added by an inflectional present participle "-ing". The inflected word "according" was formed by a free morpheme "accord" inflected by an inflectional present participle "-ing".
The inflected word "speaking" was developed by two morpheme conjoined together that were a free morpheme "speak" and an inflectional present participle "-ing". The next case, the inflected word "collecting" was formed by a free morpheme "collect" added by an inflectional present participle "-ing" in the end of this word. The word "analyzing" was recognized as an inflected word as it consisted of two morphemes. They were a free morpheme "analyze" and an inflectional present participle "-ing". The inflected word "having" was formed by two morphemes that were a free morpheme "have" and an inflectional present participle "-ing".
The next case, an inflected word "switching" had two morphemes. They were a free morpheme "switch" and an inflectional present participle "-ing". The inflected word "learning" was formed by two morphemes 3906 Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes on the Thesis Abstracts -Anggun Purnomo Arbi, Sulistyaningsih, Abd. Syakur, Lestariningsih DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i3.2659 Jurnal Basicedu Vol 6 No 3 Tahun 2022 p-ISSN 2580-3735 e-ISSN 2580-1147 called a free morpheme "learn" and an inflectional present participle "-ing". The next case, the inflected word "teaching" can be broken down into a free morpheme "teach" and an inflectional present participle "-ing". The inflected word "recording" contained two morphemes that were a free morpheme "record" and an inflectional present participle "-ing". The word "establishing" was categorized as an inflected word because a free morpheme "establish" was attached by an inflectional present participle "-ing". The inflected word "involving" contained two morphemes called a free morpheme "involve" and an inflectional present participle "-ing". The inflected word "lacking" consisted of a free morpheme "lack" and an inflectional present participle "-ing". The last inflected word caused by inflectional present participle was "understanding". It was formed by two morphemes conjoining together namely a free morpheme "understand" and an inflectional present participle "-ing".

CONCLUSION
Similar with the previous study, there were two types of derivational morpheme based on the position of morpheme; derivational prefix and derivational suffix. In this study, the researcher found both derivational prefix and derivational suffix. However, with the basis of the theories used in this study there were eight types of inflectional morpheme that were (1) plural, (2) possessive, (3) present, (4) past, (5) present participle, (6) comparative, (7) past participle, and (8) superlative. The researcher only found five types of inflectional morpheme. Thus, the researcher did not find three types of inflectional morpheme called: (1) comparative, (2) past participle, and (3) superlative.
This research was limited on types of derivational and inflectional morphemes found on abstracts by applying descriptive qualitative design. Thus, further research is suggested investigate types of derivational and inflectional morphemes using other methods such as quantitative. Then, it is also suggested explore the subjects or objects used, for example: students' writing or final project of examination.