The Implementation of the Sumbang Kurenah Method to the Development of Early Children ' s Character

Early childhood is a period of maturity of physical and psychological functions that are ready to respond to stimulation (stimulation) given by the environment. This study aims to see how the implementation of the donation kurenah method on the character development of early childhood in Rao District, Pasaman District. The subjects in this study were teachers in Kindergarten in Rao Regency, Pasaman District. The data analysis technique used was using the flow of Miles and Huberman. Data collection techniques consist of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results showed that donation kurenah teaches about maintaining spoken language, to children such as keeping the language from shouting, speaking softly, and just laughing, Also in Sumbaang Kurenah, we are taught how to reward our friends when we are in the crowd, so we maintain an attitude like not having a nose when talking to friends, in this we teach characters where we respect each other. And be gentle in conveying words.


INTRODUCTION
Early age is a period of maturity of physical and psychological functions that are ready to respond to stimulation (stimulation) given by the environment. This period is the time to lay the first foundation in developing physical (motor), intellectual, emotional, social, language, artistic and moral spiritual potential. This is in line with the opinion of Sujiono (2013), which states that early childhood is an individual who is undergoing a process of rapid development and is fundamental to the next life. One of the developing aspects is the aspect of character development.
In addition, according to Moore (2010), character is a combination of goodness identified by culture, religion, literary stories, wise people, and a collection of intelligent people in history. In line with that according to (Saunders in Tirtawinata (2014), character is a real and distinct trait shown by individuals. Character can be seen from the various attributes that exist in individual behavior patterns. Furthermore, character education Cahyaningrum et al. (2017), for early childhood is intended to instill good values so that they can become a habit when they become adults or at the next level of education. Character education for early childhood is intended to instill good values as a basis for further personal development.
The golden age of a child (the golden age), which is a time when children have a lot of excellent potential to be developed. At this time, the time is very appropriate to instill the values of goodness that are expected to shape his personality. Humans are very closely related to the existence of a culture. Humans are born and live with the culture that develops in the community groups where humans are born.
One of the regional cultures in Indonesia is the Minangkabau culture which has been adopted and developed by the Minangkabau people from ancient times until now. Minangkabau is a culture originating from Indonesia which adheres to the Matrilinial system. Everything about customary law, the kinship system in Minangkabau uses a matrilineal system. Indonesian society is a heterogeneous society, consisting of various tribes spread from Sabang to Merauke. The culture and local wisdom of an area is an important local context to consider in the delivery of education, including in the management and learning in PAUD. In regional culture, there are cultural elements that are very good to be socialized and passed on to future generations, one of which is the value of donation by duo baleh. The word discordant means rules that are reflected in attitudes and behaviors that approach errors that are unsightly and unsightly, or are called taboos or prohibitions.
Education based on local culture on positive behavior of the values of the duo baleh functions to shape the cultural character of students through the method of playing while learning and habituation. Character education based on local culture towards the application of positive behavior and the value of donated duo baleh is very appropriate to be chosen as a vehicle for achieving the PAUD function, namely: development of all children's potential, inculcation of values and norms of life, formation and habituation of expected behaviors, development basic knowledge and skills, as well as the development of motivation and positive learning attitudes.

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The Implementation of the Sumbang Kurenah Method to the Development of Early Children's Character -Rustika Eka Sari, Farida Mayar DOI : https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v5i2.784 Jurnal Basicedu Vol 5 No 2 Tahun 2021  p-ISSN 2580-3735 e-ISSN 2580-1147 In addition, according to (Ibrahim, 2014) in his journal, interpreting attitudes and behavior that are not in accordance with customary ethics in Minangkabau is discordant. Contribution according to Minangkabau customs is an attitude and behavior that is not in accordance with customary ethics. Donating according to the Minangkabau tradition does not necessarily mean donating according to the customs of other places. Furthermore, according to (Ratmil, 2020) the opposite of the concept of donating duo baleh is that it tends to be closely related to Minangkabau manners which are closely related to Minangkabau teachings. In addition, Hakimy (2004), says that donation duo baleh aims as a guide to stay away from acts of behavior that are inconsistent according to Minangkabau customs.
Rao District is located in Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra Province. This location is the border between West Sumatra and North Sumatra. In this sub-district there are various customs, customs and cultures. This is due to the combination of the two Minangkabau and Batak cultures. The fusion of these two cultures causes the children to hardly recognize the duo baleh, especially the donation of kurenah. The attitudes and behavior of Minang children have also begun to follow the culture of the people of North Sumatra, both in the form of manners and behavior. This condition certainly worries parents and educators, where from an early age the children do not recognize the contribution of the duo baleh who are from the Minangkabau area itself.
In this study, researchers were also interested in researching donation in early childhood. Researchers will see how the influence of the brainstorming method on children's character development. The research will be carried out through filling out a questionnaire that has been validated by experts which will be filled in by the teacher to get the results of the influence of donation on children's character development. Furthermore, this method will also be strengthened by several opinions that researchers will do according to the need to obtain the information that researchers need.
Based on previous studies that have reviewed researchers, it was found that research conducted by other researchers on donation was through story books and instructional videos. This is different from what the researchers did in this study. Researchers will see the effect of the donation kurenah method through 2 stages of research, namely quantitative methods and then will be carried out by qualitative methods. In previous research that was mostly done, namely through development research that produced a product.
Sumbang kurenah (Iskandar et al., 2014) in kurenah language means behavior or gesture. So donating kurenah is the behavior or appearance of someone who is considered odd by others, or causes someone to be offended. The value contained in sumbang kurenah is as a guide and conductor of Minangkabau women's behavior so that it is in accordance with what is outlined by customary norms. As for the form of kurenah or behavior that is inconsistent with Minangkabau women, it is whispering in front of a crowd, blinking at the opposite sex or older people, making up coughs.
Based on an interview conducted with one of the teachers on Thursday, November 13, 2020, it was stated that the attitudes and behavior of children that were not in accordance with the Minang culture were due to environmental factors. Where is the area where children live mixed with people from areas outside Minang. Children spend more time outdoors with their friends from various cultural backgrounds. This is also the cause of the decline in the Minang culture among early childhood. If this is allowed to continue, it will experience cultural changes over time which affect the development of children's behavior in character. Furthermore, based on an interview with the child's parents on Saturday, November 14 2020, it was stated that their child's current behavior was due to the fact that their child often interacts with people from North Sumatra who have their own cultural characteristics. So that children tend to start following the culture of the outside area because all day long they play together. In addition, the lack of cultivation of Minang culture by parents is also the cause of the fading of Minang culture among early childhood.
Furthermore, based on the findings of the data that the researcher obtained from the Pasaman Regency Education Office, it was found that there were 341 institutions in Pasaman Regency with 1095 educators. In Rao sub-district, there are 30 PAUD institutions with 101 educators. Based on the phenomenon of geographic conditions, interviews and observations, researchers are very interested in seeing the effect of donation on early childhood in Pasaman Kindergarten. Researchers want to see further how the influence of the brainstorming method on children's character development is carried out through filling out questionnaires by teachers and interviews with teachers, parents and children. The types of characters that researchers want to see are courtesy, cleanliness and care for others.
Based on the description above, the researcher is interested in conducting research with the title "The Effect of the Donation Kurenah Method on the Character Development of Kindergarten Children in Rao District, Pasaman Regency". Early childhood education is an effort aimed at children from birth to six years of age by providing educational stimuli so that children grow and develop properly so that they are able to carry out any developmental tasks according to their developmental stages.
Furthermore Sudarna (2014), also defines early childhood education as a coaching effort aimed at children from an early age which is carried out by providing educational stimuli to assist physical and spiritual growth and development so that children have readiness to enter the next stage of basic life education. Based on the opinion of Suryana (2013), early childhood education institutions, with the existence of the PNFI Directorate, integrate the implementation of TPA (Child Care Parks), KB (Playgroup), Kindergarten (Kindergarten) and SPS (Similar Paud Units).
According to Azizah & Mayar ( 2020), early childhood education is education that is very important and becomes a very serious concern, because at this stage all child development develops very rapidly and is a preparation for entering further education. According to Azizah & Mayar (2020), learning as a process of personal formation, learning is defined as an activity that shapes the personality of students. learning so that students actively develop their potential to have religious spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble morals, and skills that are needed by themselves, in society, nation and state. Traditional dance is very synonymous with local cultural wisdom.
According to Azizah & Mayar (2020), the more knowledge a child gets, the better the basis for achieving creative results. Creativity needs to be nurtured, developed and improved, in addition to developing intellectual intelligence, through creativity children can create something according to their talents or abilities, children can solve a problem in his daily life and can improve the quality of his life in the future.
Based on the description above, it can be concluded that early childhood education is a planned process of fostering growth and development for children from birth to 6 years of age by providing educational stimuli and covering all aspects of child development so that children are ready to continue their education to primary school.

METHODE
Based on the description above, it can be concluded that donation kurenah is an action and behavior and actions will eventually lead people to be seen as an act of disbelief. Daft Williams in Moleong (2017), states that qualitative research is the collection of data in a natural setting, using natural methods, and is carried out by people or researchers who are naturally interested. Descriptive is data that is collected in the form of words, pictures, and not numbers. This is due to the application of qualitative methods. Moreover, all that is gathered may be the key to what has been researched.
According to Sugiyono (2013), states that "The qualitative research method is a research method based on the philosophy of postpositivism or interpretive philosophy, used to examine the condition of natural objects, where the researcher is the key instrument, the data collection technique is done by triangulation (combined observation, interviews, documentation). ), the data obtained tends to be qualitative, the data analysis is inductive / qualitative, and the results of the research are to understand the meaning, understand the uniqueness, construct phenomena, and find hypotheses".
According to Tohirin (2012), qualitative research is "research that seeks to build the views of the person being studied in detail and is formed with words, a holistic (comprehensive and deep) and complex picture." According to Afifuddin (2009), "qualitative research methods are research methods used to examine the condition of natural objects, (the opposite is experiment) where the researcher is a key instrument, data collection techniques are done by triangulation (combined), data analysis is inductive, and the results Qualitative research emphasizes meaning rather than generalizations.
Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that the choice of this qualitative approach is because this study aims to describe what the researcher saw, heard and felt in the field, related to "The Effect of the Donation Kurenah Method on the Character Development of Children in Kindergarten in Rao District, Pasaman Regency" where the resulting data is in the form of words, language, pictures and does not emphasize numbers.
According to Sugiyono (2013), in qualitative research, the research instrument is the researcher himself. So the instrument used to collect data in this study is the researcher himself becomes the main instrument and is assisted with the things needed in the form of stationery, a camera for documentation in activities. The instruments used were observation guidelines, interview guidelines and documentation. The quality of the instrument will determine the quality of the data collected.
Data from observations, interviews and documentation were analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques. Qualitative is a good field note from observations which are analyzed every time the learning process takes place to determine further action. Data analysis in this study can be carried out using the comparative method developed by Milles and Huberman in Sugiyono (2013), which states that qualitative data analysis is an analytical process consisting of four activity flows that occur simultaneously, namely data collection, data reduction, presentation of data, and drawing conclusions or verification.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION Result
The research was conducted in Kindergarten several sub-districts in Pasaman Regency. The location of the research was carried out in several kindergartens in Pasaman Regency, including TK IT Cendekia which is located at Jorong VII Simpang Lansat Kadal, Rao District, TK Pembina Rao 6 which is located at Jorong 1 Padang Mentigi, TK PGRI. Rao, whose address is Jorong XI Pasar Rao, and TK Dharma Wanita, which is located at Jorong I Pasar Rao, The choice of this location was taken in several districts due to seeing an overview of kindergarten using the donation method in developing children's character.
Based on the results of research conducted by interviewing one of the teachers named AR on November 30, 2020, information was obtained that the donation method used in schools is storytelling, performance methods, assignment methods, all learning methods in his opinion are good for character development. children, but here in developing children's character his choose the storytelling method, because in my opinion the storytelling method is very suitable for children's character development, where in the storytelling method we carry out a lesson, namely by telling stories to children, for example. The cunning hare, as well as the kind-hearted deer, here the children directly listen to our story, which is related to the nature of each character in the story.
Furthermore, based on the results of an interview conducted with a teacher named SA on December 5, 2020, information was obtained that the way schools choose children's character development methods is by seeing how children's daily behavior is, here we see that all children have different characters. For example, given an example to his own child. The child named furqon is a smart child, his cognitive development is very good, but in his social attitude, it can be seen that the furqon child who doesn't like to share with his friends, furqon only wants to accept what his friend gives him. And there is my son named Abdul, he is a child who has a high social spirit who likes to help friends share with his friends, but his cognitive is not well developed. This is where the teacher chooses different character development methods for children. The storytelling method according to the teacher is suitable for children.
In addition, based on the results of an interview with a teacher named MK on December 7, 2020, information was obtained that according to him the donating kurenah method is very suitable, because in donation kurenah teaches about maintaining spoken language, to children such as keeping the language from shouting, speaking softly, and just laughing, Also in Sumbaang Kurenah, we are taught how to reward our friends when we are in the crowd, so we maintain an attitude like not having a nose when talking to friends, in this we teach characters where we respect each other. And be gentle in conveying words.
Then based on the results of interviews with a teacher named KM on December 9, 2020, information was obtained that the implementation of the donation method we have encountered at school, because many children speak impolitely to teachers, parents and friends. Usually this is obtained by children when socializing in their family, friends and other outside environments, therefore it is very important to use donation donations.
Furthermore, based on the results of the teacher's interview on December 9, 2020, information was obtained that the difficulty faced in developing donation is the difficulty of monitoring children's habits outside of school. Because we need to know that these bad habits can be obtained by children when they come home from school or in an outside school environment. But we, as teachers, of course familiarize children so that they speak good words and can keep their words well.
Based on the results of an interview with a teacher named WU on December 11, 2020, information was obtained that the use of the donation method is very suitable for developing early childhood character development.

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The Implementation of the Sumbang Kurenah Method to the Development of Early Children's Character -Rustika Eka Sari, Farida Mayar DOI : https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v5i2 In addition, based on the results of an interview with a teacher named DM on December 12, 2020, it was stated that as long as the teacher used the donation method the children looked very excited. Because it is something new for children. In accordance with his nature has a high curiosity.

Discussion
Sumbang Duo Baleh is an unwritten regulation in Minang customs which contains manners and values of courtesy. One part of the donation duo baleh is donating kurenah, which is a rule of day-to-day behavior that must be able to protect other people's feelings. Don't whisper together, cover your nose, laugh excessively, etc. Maintain good manners in speaking so that other people do not get offended.
All learning methods are good for character development. children, but here in developing children's character his choose the storytelling method, because in my the storytelling method is very suitable for children's character development, where in the storytelling method we carry out a lesson, namely by telling stories to children, for example. The cunning hare, as well as the kind-hearted deer, here the children directly listen to our story, which is related to the nature of each character in the story (Rosmiati, 2014).
In addition, according to Elmizar in Astuti (2016), it explains that in donating kurenah, that is, when you are friends together, you should not whisper, do not cover your nose near busy people or close friends, cannot be arrogant in making friends, want to share food with friends, help each other friend.
Early childhood is a figure who is experiencing a very rapid process of growth and development for the next life. Early childhood greatly affects the growth and development of the next child, for that, the child should be in accordance with what is expected. This is in line with the opinion of Suryana (2013), that defines early childhood as an individual as a sociocultural being who is undergoing a development process that is very fundamental to the next life and has several characteristics. Early childhood is also called unique because children are organisms that form a complete physical and spiritual entity.
In addition, Sujiono (2013), also defines that early childhood is an individual who is undergoing a process of rapid development and is fundamental to the next life. Early childhood is in the age range 0-8 years. At this time the process of growth and development in various aspects is experiencing a rapid period in the development of human life. Furthermore Sudarna (2014), also defines early childhood as a process of fostering the development of children from birth to 6 years, which is carried out thoroughly, covering all aspects of development by providing stimulation and providing educational guidance to assist physical and spiritual growth and development for children. have readiness to enter further education. Based on the description above, it can be concluded that early childhood is the age of 0 to 6 years who experience very rapid growth, and that development is very fundamental for further development.

CONCLUSSION
Based on the results of research conducted in Kindergarten through the interview method with teachers, information was obtained that the implementation of the donation method can develop children's character abilities. This research is still far from perfect, therefore researchers need constructive criticism and suggestions to complete the writing of this article. Hopefully this article will be useful for teachers, readers and future researchers DAFTAR PUSTAKA Afifuddin, A. (2009). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. CV Pustaka Setia.