Kesiapsiagaan Bencana Gempa Bumi di Sekolah: Model, Praktik, dan Tantangan dalam Membangun Sistem Pendidikan yang Tangguh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v9i5.10394Keywords:
kesiapsiagaan gempa bumi, sekolah siaga bencana, pendidikan kebencanaan, SPAB, kerangka PRBAbstract
Kesiapsiagaan gempa bumi di sekolah merupakan aspek krusial dalam upaya pengurangan risiko bencana, khususnya di negara rawan gempa seperti Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pendekatan pendidikan kesiapsiagaan di sekolah dan merumuskan kerangka konseptual berbasis praktik terbaik. Kurangnya sintesis literatur yang menyeluruh mengenai model kesiapsiagaan adaptif dan partisipatif menunjukkan adanya kebutuhan untuk merumuskan pendekatan yang lebih komprehensif dan kontekstual. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review terhadap 35 dokumen ilmiah terakreditasi, dengan analisis isi secara naratif dan tematik. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa simulasi, pembelajaran berbasis pengalaman, dan media digital seperti DigiQuake secara signifikan meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan siswa. Namun, pelatihan guru belum merata, keterlibatan komunitas terbatas, dan integrasi kurikulum kebencanaan belum optimal. Kebijakan SPAB juga dinilai belum berkelanjutan akibat lemahnya mekanisme evaluasi. Kontribusi utama kajian ini adalah penyusunan kerangka kesiapsiagaan sekolah yang mengintegrasikan prinsip LIPI–UNESCO/ISDR dan Four Pillars of Preparedness, sebagai model yang adaptif dan kontekstual. Temuan ini dapat menjadi
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