Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Lapbook untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v10i4.11829Abstract
Kecerdasan berpikir kritis merupakan bagian dari kompetensi fundamental yang wajib ditanamkan lewat materi IPS di sekolah dasar, meskipun ruang berkembangnya sering kali terpasung akibat pola pengajaran yang masih berpusat pada pendidik. Studi ini bertujuan membedah bagaimana implementasi model pengajaran berbasis masalah (PBL) dan berbasis proyek (PjBL) berbantuan media interaktif lapbook mampu mendongkrak performa berpikir kritis siswa, serta menakar perbedaan hasil di antara kedua perlakuan tersebut. Belum adanya riset terdahulu yang membandingkan secara langsung penggunaan lapbook dalam memayungi PBL dan PjBL pada bidang IPS SD menjadi letak kebaruan (novelty) dari riset ini. Pendekatan kuantitatif berdesain quasi-experimental dipilih dengan melibatkan murid kelas IV SDN Cimincrang. Data penelitian dihimpun melalui instrumen tes tertulis yang disajikan pada fase pra dan pasca-perlakuan. Melalui analisis data, disimpulkan bahwa kedua model pembelajaran ini secara nyata meningkatkan ketajaman berpikir siswa dengan indeks N-Gain sebesar 0,39 pada kelas PBL dan 0,38 pada kelas PjBL (keduanya berada dalam rentang kategori sedang). Berdasarkan pengujian hipotesis via independent sample t-test, ditemukan bahwa perbedaan akselerasi kemampuan antara kedua kelas tidak bermakna secara statistik (Sig. = 0,855; $p > 0,05$). Alhasil, baik PBL maupun PjBL yang disandingkan dengan media lapbook terbukti memiliki daya guna yang setara dalam menstimulasi keterampilan berpikir kritis pada pembelajaran IPS di sekolah dasar.
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