Efektivitas Total Task Presentation untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Toilet Training Siswa dengan Gangguan Spektrum Autis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v8i5.8631Keywords:
Total Task Presentation, Toilet Training, Buang Air Kecil, Autis.Abstract
Penelitian ini berfokus pada permasalahan yang ditemukan peneliti di lapangan yaitu terdapat siswa dengan gangguan spektrum autis yang belum menguasai keterampilan toilet training khususnya buang air kecil (BAK). Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan adalah untuk mengetahui apakah prosedur total task presentation efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan toilet training buang air kecil pada siswa dengan gangguan spektrum autis kelas IV di SLB IT Cahaya Bintang. Peneliti menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain A-B-A. Peneliti menggunakan 1 orang subjek laki-laki dengan gangguan spektrum autis di kelas IV. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data dalam kondisi dan antar kondisi. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa pada baseline (A1) dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali dengan perolehan skor 36, Setelah diberikan intervensi (B) dilakukan sebanyak tujuh kali pertemuan kemampuan anak meningkat menjadi 75, Selanjutnya pada tahap baseline (A2) jumlah nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh anak adalah 84. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prosedur Total Task Presentation terbukti efektif digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan toilet training khususnya buang air kecil pada siswa dengan gangguan spektrum autis di kelas IV SLB IT Cahaya Bintang, Lampung Tengah. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa kemampuan toilet training buang air kecil pada siswa dengan gangguan spektrum autisme dapat ditingkatkan melalui prosedur Total Task Presentation.
References
Ayuni, F., & Kusumastuti, G. (2023). Meningkatkan Keterampilan Merawat Diri Menggunakan Teknik Total Task Presentation bagi Anak Tunagrahita Kelas IV di SLB Bina Bangsa Padang. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 7(2), 16918–16923. https://ejournal.unp.ac.id/index.php/jupekhu/article/view/129881
Cicero, Frank R; Pfadt, A. (2002). Investigation of A Reinforcement-Based Toilet Training Procedure for Children with Autism. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 319–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0891-4222(02)00136-1
Cocchiola, M. A., Martino, G. M., Dwyer, L. J., & Demezzo, K. (2012). Toilet Training Children with Autism and Developmental Delays: An Effective Program for School Settings. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 5, 60–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03391824
Dalrymple, N. J., & Ruble, L. A. (1992). Toilet Training and Behaviors of People with Autism: Parent Views. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 22(2), 265–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01058155
De Rivera, C. (2008). The Use of Intensive Behavioural Intervention for Children with Autism. Journal on Developmental Disabilities, 14.
Edwina, Y. N., & Tjakrawiralaksana, M. A. (2017). Total-Task Presentation as a Technique to Develop Self-Drinking Skill: A Single-Case Study of an Autistic Child with Intellectual Impairment. 1st International Conference on Intervention and Applied Psychology (ICIAP 2017), 82–93. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/ 10.2991/iciap-17.2018.8
Fakhma, L. (2019). Penerapan Task Analysis dalam Pembelajaran Bina Diri bagi Anak Autis di SLB. Jurnal Pendidikan Khusus, 1–11. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-pendidikan khusus/article/view/28587
Ganda, D., Petrus, W., Bangsa, G., Christianna, A., Studi, P., Komunikasi, D., Seni, F., & Petra, U. K. (2015). (2015). Perancangan Buku Interaktif Tentang Toilet Training Anak Usia 1-3 Tahun. Jurnal Dkv Adiwarna. Publication.Petra.Ac.Id. Retrieved from https://media.neliti.com/.../86704
Gillis, J. M., Smith, K., & White, S. (2013). Toilet Training. In J. K. Luiselli (Ed.), Teaching and Behavior Support for Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Practitioner’s Guide (pp. 65–72). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1177/10962506221138542
Hapsari, C. K., & Hartiani, F. (2018). Penerapan Prinsip Modifikasi Perilaku untuk dengan Disabilitas Intelektual Berat. Psikologi, 17(2), 119–130. https://doi.org/ 10.14710/jp.17.2.119-130
Keen, D., Brannigan, K. L., & Cuskelly, M. (2007). Toilet Training for Children with Autism: The Effects of Video Modeling. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 19, 291–303. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10882-007-9044-x
Khuriyati, S. (2014). Kemampuan Bina Diri Toilet Training Siswa Autis di SLB Khusus Autis Bina Anggita Yogyakarta." Skripsi, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. http://eprints.uny.ac.id/id/eprint/56868
Kroeger, K. A., & Sorensen-Burnworth, R. (2009). Toilet Training Individuals with Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities: A Critical Review. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3(3), 607–618. . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.01.005
Kusharyani, F., & Kurnianingrum, W. (2017). Penerapan Total-Task Presentation dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menggosok Gigi pada Anak Moderate Intellectual Disability. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni, 1(2), 32–40. https://doi.org/10.14421/al-athfal.2020.61-03
Luiselli, J. K. (2011). Teaching and Behavior Support for Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-012-9609-x
Martin, G., & Pear, J. (2003). Behavior Modification. What It Is and How To Do It. Seventh Edition. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429020599
Martin, Garry; Pear, J. J. (2019). Behavior Modification What is it and How to do it (9 th ed.). Newyork: USA Pearson Education, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429020599
Miltenberger, R. G. (2001). Behavior modification: Principles and Procedures (2nd ed.). In Behavior Modification: Principles and Procedures (2nd ed.). https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2016.1204478
Mota, D. M., & Barros, A. J. D. (2008). Treinamento Esfincteriano: Métodos, Expectativas Dos Pais E Morbidades Associadas. Jornal de Pediatria, 84(1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.2223/JPED.1752
Richardson, D. (2016). Toilet training for children with autism. Nursing Children and Young People, 28(2).
Sarafino, E. P. (2012). Applied Behavior Analysis: Principles and Procedures in Behavior Modification. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072715621532
Sicile-Kira, C. (2014). Autism Spectrum Disorders?: The Complete Guide to Understanding Autism. In Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri (Vol. 01). New York: Perigee Book. https://books.google.co.id/books/download/Autism_Spectrum_Disorders.ris?id=1TR6XFQymbgC&hl=id&output=ris
Simbolon, P. F., & Ardisal, A. (2020). Meningkatkan Kemampuan Toilet Training pada Anak Autis melalui Total Task Presentation. Journal of Basic Education Studies, 3(2), 878–887. https://ejurnalunsam.id/index.php/jbes/article/view/2944
Vivanti, G., & Hamilton, A. (2014). Imitation in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Fourth Edition, (February 2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118911389.hautc12
Wardany, O. F., & Apriyanti, M. (2022). Buku Panduan Pendidikan Khusus bagi Peserta Didik Autis Disertai Hambatan Intelektual. Jakarta: Pusat Perbukuan Badan Standar, kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan Kementerian pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset dan Teknologi Jalan R.S. Fatmawati Gedung D Kompleks Kemdikbudristek Cipete,Jakarta 12410. Retrieved from https://buku.kemdikbud.go.id/. https://repository.bbg.ac.id/handle/1750
Yuliantie, P. (2020). Toilet Training in Children with Autism: A Scoping Review. The International Conference on Public Health Proceeding, 5(01), 238. https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.58
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Fajar Rahma Indarti, Ossy Firstanti Wardany, Heni Herlina
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
1.png)
